FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES
The hydraulic systems use the energy of the liquid fluid to
do a simple job, operated by the use of hydraulic systems, where a liquid is
the means of feeding. Heavy equipment is a common example. In this type of
machine, the hydraulic fluid is transmitted through the machine to several
hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders and is pressurized according to the
present resistance.
Hydraulic systems, like pneumatic systems, are based on
Pascal's law that states that any pressure applied to a fluid within a closed
system will transmit that pressure equally everywhere and in all directions. A
hydraulic system uses an incompressible liquid as its fluid, instead of a
compressible gas.
Joseph Bramah patented the hydraulic press in 1795. While
working at the Bramah store, Henry Maudslay suggested a leather package for the
cup. Because it produced superior results, the hydraulic press eventually
displaced the steam hammer from the metal forge.
Hydraulic systems of the central station were developed to
provide small-scale power that was not practical for individual steam engines.
Hydraulic power was used to operate cranes and other machines in British ports
and elsewhere in Europe.
The largest hydraulic system was in London. Hydraulic
power was widely used in the production of Bessemer steel. Hydraulic power was
also used for elevators, to operate channel locks and rotating sections of bridges.
Some of these systems remained in use until well into the 20th century.
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES MATERIAL
